Bible Geography · Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) · c. 2300–539 BC
Babylon
Description
Babylon was the capital of the Babylonian Empire, situated along the Euphrates River in modern-day Iraq. It was renowned for its massive walls, the Ishtar Gate, and the legendary Hanging Gardens. Under Nebuchadnezzar II, it became the center of the ancient Near East.
Significance
Babylon represents human rebellion against God, beginning with the Tower of Babel. It was the empire that destroyed Jerusalem and took Israel into exile, fulfilling God's judgment on His people. In the New Testament, Babylon becomes a symbol of worldly corruption and opposition to God.
Key Events
Construction of the Tower of Babel (Genesis 11); Nebuchadnezzar's conquest of Jerusalem and the Babylonian exile (2 Kings 25); Daniel's ministry in the royal court; the writing on the wall at Belshazzar's feast (Daniel 5); Cyrus the Great's conquest in 539 BC.
Modern Context
Ancient Babylon's ruins lie near the modern city of Hillah in Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad. Archaeological excavations have uncovered the Ishtar Gate, processional way, and palace remains. The site is a UNESCO World Heritage candidate.