Bible Geography · Elam / Persia (modern Iran) · c. 4200–330 BC
Susa / Shushan
Description
Susa was one of the oldest cities in the world and the administrative capital of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. It served as the winter residence for Persian kings including Darius I and Xerxes, and was home to magnificent palace complexes described in the book of Esther.
Significance
Susa is the setting for the books of Esther and Nehemiah, showing God's providential care for His exiled people within the heart of a foreign empire. Daniel received visions while at Susa (Daniel 8). The city represents God's sovereignty over world powers on behalf of His people.
Key Events
Esther's courageous approach to Ahasuerus (Xerxes) to save the Jewish people (Esther 4–5); Nehemiah's prayer and request to Artaxerxes to rebuild Jerusalem's walls (Nehemiah 1–2); Daniel's vision by the Ulai canal near Susa (Daniel 8).
Modern Context
Ancient Susa is located near the modern city of Shush in Khuzestan Province, Iran. Excavations have uncovered the Apadana palace of Darius and the famous Code of Hammurabi stele, now in the Louvre. The traditional tomb of Daniel is venerated at the site.