Bible Geography · Shephelah, Western Judah · c. 1020 BC
Valley of Elah
Description
The Valley of Elah is a broad, shallow valley in the Shephelah region of western Judah, where a seasonal brook runs and terebinth trees (elah in Hebrew) grow. It was a strategic entry point into the Judean highlands and thus a natural battleground between the Israelites and the Philistines. The brook in the valley from which David chose his five stones is still visible today.
Significance
David's victory over Goliath in Elah is a paradigm of faith overcoming impossible odds through trust in God rather than human strength or armor. It also foreshadows Christ's victory over sin and death as the ultimate champion who fights on behalf of His people.
Key Events
The armies of Israel and the Philistines faced off in the Valley of Elah (1 Samuel 17:2). David chose five smooth stones from the brook and slew Goliath with the first stone. The Philistine army fled, and Israel pursued them to the gates of Ekron and Gath.
Modern Context
The Valley of Elah today is a largely agricultural area in Israel's Shephelah. The archaeological site of Khirbet Qeiyafa, overlooking the valley, was identified as the Israelite fortress of Shaaraim from the time of David. The brook still runs through the valley and visitors collect smooth stones as mementos.